Cystoscopy, also known as bladder endoscopy, is a urological procedure in which a set of instruments, lenses, and a sheath are inserted into the bladder through the urethra to examine and, in some cases, treat possible abnormalities. Cystoscopy provides valuable information about the urethra, prostate, and bladder.

Certain types of bladder tumors, such as velvety-shaped lesions that cannot be detected by other methods, can be easily identified through cystoscopy. Patients who are candidates for prostate surgery must undergo cystoscopy prior to the operation. In addition, bladder inflammations can be accurately diagnosed using cystoscopy.